Avera Gel Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: AVERA Gel contains non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and anti-infective substances.
Choline Salicylate is a NSAID that reduces pain and inflammation. Cetalkonium Chloride is an anti-infective agent that fights against microbial growth.
Pharmacodynamics: Choline salicylate is the choline salt of salicylic acid and its pharmacology is essentially that of salicylic acid. It has exhibited antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions in animals models, and is taken orally or is applied topically in man for the relief of pain and inflammation. Like salicylic acid it has no antithrombotic activity and shows a low potential for production of gastrointestinal injury when given by the oral route. The pharmacological actions of choline salicylate are thought to be primarily mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin production, although effects on leukotriene pathways, kinin release and nerve conduction have been proposed. Cetalkonium chloride is a quanternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, being bactericidal towards both Gram positive and Gram negative organisms, but with preferences for the former.
Pharmacokinetics: Choline salicylate is absorbed from the gut and is likely to be absorbed across mucous membrane such as all buccal mucosa. Metabolism of salicylic acid is by glycine and phenolic or acyl glucoronate conjunction with small amounts undergoing hydroxylation. The plasma half-life of salicylic acid is 2-4 hours. Both metabolites and a small amount of intact salicylic acid are excreted, mainly in the urine. Salicylic acid is highly protein bound (80-90%) and although it has a low apparent volume of distribution of around 0.15 l/kg, it is widely distributed throughout most tissues and extracellular water.